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How To Bring Linux Into Mainstream Gaming

An open operating system that you don't have to buy sounds like a win-win for gamers and developers, but many obstacles prevent Linux from moving past its current niche status. Here's what needs to happen to break Windows' dominance of computer gaming.

As awesome as a Linux-driven future sounds, we gamers can do little to bring it about. Two things bind computer gaming to the Microsoft platform so tightly that the Linux and Mac ecosystems are still only sideshows at best: driver support from Nvidia and AMD, and low-level application programming interface (API) software like DirectX. Understanding these challenges, even if you're unable to address them yourself, is the first step to advocacy.

Graphics drivers aren't just a way for Nvidia to annoy you by making you download another couple hundred MB every few months. Think of them as the bridge between all that fancy custom graphics hardware and your operating system. These hideously complex pieces of software translate what the computer is telling it about what it should display onscreen into commands that can be taken advantage of not only the GPU, but the advanced shaders and other bits of silicon that make up a graphics card. A modern CPU is an unbelievably powerful computational device, but it and its supporting architecture on the motherboard are general-purpose silicon that accomplish tasks by brute force. A modern graphics card, on the other hand, has highly specialized subsystems that can do very specific tasks extremely quickly. The driver is the software that makes those specially designed bits work, and how well the driver itself is written has huge effects on stability and raw performance.

Because Windows is so ubiquitous, both Nvidia and AMD expend massive resources in making their drivers as efficient and stable as possible. Linux drivers, on the other hand, are a much lower priority and in some cases are even hacked together by the open-source community (which brings its own set of problems). Both Linux and Mac use the OpenGL API framework, and so drivers written for both can share large portions of their code – but they're far from 100-percent compatible. This presents a chicken-and-egg problem: Few people game on Linux because there aren't many games, and companies don't bother making competitive drivers because the market isn't large enough to make it profitable.

This all sounds like doom and gloom, but good news exists in all this. The traditional solution to this kind of chicken-and-egg problem is for someone to break the cycle with a large, one-time expenditure that gets things moving in the right direction. In this case, the obvious target would be for a company to bite the bullet and invest a big chunk of money into better driver/API support on Linux, making it easier for developers to port their games over. Enter Valve and its SteamBox initiative. Making a gaming-ready computer available at the low cost Valve seems to be aiming for is a lot easier when every box doesn't include a $100 Microsoft tax. Valve cracking the code to either make WINE (a Windows emulator for Linux) or native Linux support approach Windows in stability and performance would be exactly the kind of kick in the pants Linux gaming needs to get off the ground, especially coupled with a growing install base thanks to low-cost gaming computers like the SteamBox.

Much of this analysis has focused on Valve, because frankly the company is exactly the kind of technically talented, cash-rich entity that might see pushing Linux infrastructure as a good investment. Plenty of other developers and retail services would no doubt love to expand their businesses onto Linux, especially in the face of Microsoft's steps with Windows 8 to lock down its ecosystem into something more akin to the walled garden of Apple's iOS, but none fit the bill quite so perfectly as Valve.

So what can you do? Let your favorite developers know that you'd love to see their games on Linux. Making your voice heard does make a difference. Even if they don't respond, every developer I've talked to about it insists that they read all their fan feedback. Give Linux a shot yourself – after all, it's free, and dual-booting Windows and Linux is easy to set up. Popular distributions like Ubuntu are much more user-friendly than they were years ago, and free software is out there to handle most common computing tasks. Grab Linux clients for any games you already own, and connect to Steam and other services with Linux. Seeing their number of Linux users inflate is one of the most powerful arguments to sway developers into pushing for greater Linux representation.

This may seem like a whole lot of pontificating about a solution in search of a problem, but I absolutely believe that even though I like Windows 7 and other Microsoft products, an open-source platform guarantees a much brighter future for computer gaming. Maybe Microsoft has no plans to lock down Windows 8 further than it already is, but I'd feel better if my favorite hobby was immune to being held hostage by any single company. Executives retire or are replaced, businesses evolve, and priorities change. I'd rather not tempt fate.

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Comments
  • Creepy picture is creepy.

  • It would would awesome if AAA titles started to come out on Linux. Anytime open source software can be supported and the gaming community can be expanded is a win-win. Hopefully Microsoft isn't consumed by power and makes windows a closed platform. Either way, more games on Linux is a good thing.
  • Staff
    THE PENGUIN SEES ALL
  • Thanks for a great article, Adam! Could not agree more with your point that the gamers should reach to the developers and persuade them to release Linux versions of their games.

    However, I disagree that the main problem is the drivers and the DirectX vs. OpenGL situation. Nvidia Linux drivers were always quite good, almost on par with Windows ones. There are some troubles with AMD drivers, but the recent cards are supported well enough. And the latest version of OpenGL is in fact no less powerful than DirectX 11. There are no inherent OpenGL problems and no lack of the developers skilled in OpenGL programming, proven by the fact that mobile gaming runs entirely on OpenGL; and you must agree that there are quite a few mobile games with visuals comparable to current generation console visuals.

    The real problem is that the Linux user base is currently way smaller than the Windows one, which makes developers and publishers think that investing in Linux ports of their games is economically ineffectual. It's true that the user base is comaparatively small. It's not actually true that porting games to Linux is economically ineffectual, Humble Bundle results prove the contrary. But most of the developers and publishers don't want to take risks, and I understand them.

    The root of this problem with the user base being comparatively small is, in fact, contained in dirty tricks that Microsoft plays to hold its monopoly. The main trick is that Microsoft basically forbids PC manufacturers to sell their hardware with anything other than Windows preinstalled in any sizeable amounts. It's done by selling OEM copies of Windows to the PC manufacturers at a discount, but offering this discount only in the case when they stick to the above rule. Since the manufacturers don't want to loose this discount, they do not sell PCs with preinstalled Linux in any sizeable amounts.

    Since, e.g., Ubuntu is more user-friendly and reliable than Windows 8, if there were desktop PCs and laptops with preinstalled Ubuntu offered in some variety in all computer stores, I'm sure that Linux would grow in popularity very fast. And that would give a push to game developers to support Linux. Hovewer, it's not happening due to the above mentioned dirty play by Microsoft. Note that Android is running Linux under the hood, and it's now the most popular mobile OS. This happened because nobody controlled the mobile market the way Microsoft is controlling the desktop market. If this weren't the case, Linux on desktops would skyrocket in a way similar to Android.

    But everything is not so grim. As described in the article, Valve is in power to make a difference. If they release their SteamBox with Linux running on it, and support it with e.g. priority access to, say, Half Life 3, this would give Linux the necessary boost.

    Sorry for a long comment.
  • Staff
    I'd love to see Valve spur more developer interest in Linux. An alternative to Windows and Mac could only be a good thing.
  • I wish they would take your advice.

  • I have Linux as a second boot option, my primary is Windows 7. I like Linux a lot better, but you have to use programs like WINE and such to play games on Linux, as Adam said, and it doesn't work that well most of the time. Plus you have drivers in the way too. If I remember right though, Microsoft OS are on over 70% of computer, so that obviously is why Linux and such goes last.

    Plus OS change, and if it is open, it is a lot easier to make games work on newer OS. 16-bit games are almost impossible to play without third party software.
  • Linux is absolutely fantastic but there's something to be said for consistency. I like knowing I can turn on my Mac or PC and the OS is mostly the same for all users. Its a little bit like the argument for why its easier to develop for iOS vs Android.

  • Great post. I'm one of those people who absolutely loves Linux, but begrudgingly uses Windows because of the lack of game support. I can only hope that more and more people will start to move away from Windows now that the disaster that is Windows 8 is out and about.
  • I don't know, I think powering the PS3, PSP, and Vita is pretty mainstream. I'm sure they're also behind Nintendo (not Xbox, that's DOS or Windows 3.x like 8 is).
  • meh, whatever. I just follow the path to the games I like. I don't pick sides. I don't like EA, but I like SimCity games, so what to do? Just buy and play the game I like. Same in this situation, I don't care what OS its on, as long as I can play it!

  • Linux is terrible and I don't understand why any of you advocate it. I tried - several times - to work with various Linux distros and I walked away feeling nothing but disappointment with what I now know is the worst OS ever made by the human race. My first experience was installing it on a laptop and I found out I had to install drivers to get my sound, wireless networking, and graphics drivers to work. Seeking help on the Linux forums was pointless. The Linux community is filled with elitist jerks and only ever point you to online help guides that you have to dig through to help yourself... In my case it took me weeks of research and frustration before I finally found out there were no Linux drivers for my sound card - while Linux has several different sound drivers/programs available for download, none of them worked. Installing your wireless drivers in Linux is a convoluted mess involving a piece of software called NDISwrapper, and while the AMD graphics drivers installed fine, I still ended up having graphics issues in all my games. My second experience with Linux was in college. For some reason my professor thought it would be a good idea to teach us how to use terminal for our introduction to computers class. We were all using Ubuntu Linux, however the book taught commands for Fedora. While Linux claims to use the same terminal commands in every distro, there actually are minor differences, as we all found out the hard way, often requiring the professor to stop in the middle of class and research something when a command didn't work like it was supposed to. My final project was installing a bootable copy of linux on a USB drive using a software called PenDriveLinux, which only half worked because while I could get Linux to boot, I couldn't make any changes or install any programs on it because the installer didn't know how to make the pen drive rewritable after Linux was installed on it. Do you know what I learned from all this frustration? Open Source anything - OS or otherwise - suffers from the same problems as Communism. THE PROGRAMMERS DON'T GET PAID. What incentive is there to do a good job? Linux users often talk about this ideal of "community authored software" it's bullplop. Do you now how many PC Users know how to program anything at all? I would be willing to bet 99% of PC users don't. The vast majority of users only have basic skills - moving a mouse and clicking on it. The small percentage of people who are programmers don't change when you make the OS open-source. The only difference is they don't get paid for their work! There's no such thing as "community authored software" only half-assed work done as cheaply as possible and a mess of frustration for anyone who would use the free garbage. I hate Microsoft as a company. I abhor their business practices. However at this point in time, there is no competition. The fact is, Windows works. I don't have to wrestle with my Windows PC to get my sound to work, or my wireless drivers to work, or my graphics drivers to work. If I need support, there are a plethora of very helpful people who are experienced with the Windows OS who would be happy to help me, and I don't have to learn how to program myself to get it to work. This is ideal. You can't expect every user of your OS to be a programmer. As I mentioned above, most are not.
  • NO Plain & Simple NO .

  • OpenGL is a very big one. It's pushed by basically every company but Microsoft (who does directX). Mobile platforms (android, blackberry, ios) use it, playstation supports it (ps4 has pc architecture...), and of course Linux and Mac. Only windows, win phone, and the xbox don't support it natively (it does work on windows, just not as well as directx).

    The big push for games on Linux would come from game makers creating their games with OpenGL in mind and then DirectX as secondary. The PS4 and mobile platforms could be strong incentives for companies to do that. Once the game is built with openGL in mind the work needed to port to opengl compatible platforms will be significantly reduced.

  • Great read. It would be neat to see Linux getting more support from games (as in more AAA games making the transition to Linux) and from both AMD/Nvidia in the graphic card department.

  • I think Valve should pick one card as the target platform. Even if other Nvidia/AMD cards would work with Linux drivers, they should pick one card and CPU and have Nvidia/AMD make their drivers 100% on par to Windows or better, possibly allowing lower level programming. Then strip out everything in their version of Ubuntu that isn't relevant to gaming, even the UI, and hire devs to improve on the open source projects they are using. That might actually spur some independent development by those that wouldn't mind taking down Microsoft coming from the Windows and Mac camps. Not that you couldn't load Unity or Gnome, it just could be not loaded by default. They might need their own distro based on Ubuntu rather than just Ubuntu.

    Perhaps Valve could have an effect on Ubuntu how the open movie projects improved Blender dramatically. Professionals trying to use the free program and changing it accordingly to meet their needs in producing a professional product. Hopefully Valve would take that approach rather than just "working closely" with hardware manufacturers and getting advice from the open source community. They should contribute.

    What's actually bugging me in that Valve's Linux blog remains cold. They should be sharing their trials and open source tribulations to let us know how things are progressing and if and what they should be working on changing.

    Installing drivers needs to be simpler as well. Possibly handled by Steam for bother Nvidia and AMD, but carrying out the process with an installer, not a terminal. Installing software in Ubuntu is relatively easy for most programs, especially if you can use .deb packages or the software center, but drivers AMD drivers aren't that simple for ordinary people.
  • Adam, I'm curious, what is this "set of problems" you see from the open source community?

    And please consider using Fedora for your OS. It's free, secure, and sponsored by Red Hat, makers of the most stable, secure Linux distro on the planet.

    FWIW, Valve is working with Red Hat on bringing Steam to Fedora, so the OS developer community is listening.

  • I'm truly enjoying these Linux features, Adam! I really would love to see an open-source platform used more for gaming.

  • What a great article.Unfortunately,unless Linux becomes much more user friendly,it will never be a threat to Windows.It blows my mind that some believe Ubuntu 12.10 is more user friendly then Windows 8.That is simply hilarious.

    Also im talking user friendly that a common computer user that has no experience what so ever with computers,an Linux simply is not there yet.Maybe someday,but not anytime soon
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